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ropalidia marginata
''Ropalidia marginata'' is an Old World species of paper wasp. It is primitively eusocial, not showing the same bias in brood care seen in other social insects with greater asymmetry in relatedness.〔van der Vecht, J. (1941). The Indo-Australian species of the genus ''Ropalidia'' (Icaria) (Hym., Vespidae), first part. Treubia Deel 18:103–190.〕〔van der Vecht, J. (1962). The Indo-Australian species of the genus ''Ropalidia'' (Icaria) (Hymenoptera, Vespidae), second part. Zool. Verhandelingen 57, 1–71.〕 The species employees a variety of colony founding strategies, sometimes with single founders and sometimes in groups of variable number.〔 The queen does not use physical dominance to control workers, there is evidence of pheromones being used to suppress other female workers from overtaking queenship.〔
==Taxonomy and Phylogeny==
''R. marginata'' was originally described by Fabricius in 1793 under the name ''Vespa'''' ferruginea'', but that name was previously applied to a different species, so the oldest available name for the species was given by Lepeletier in 1836. One of its subspecies, ''R. marginata jocund ''from New Guinea and Australia, was described in 1898, and two others, ''R. marginata rufitarsis'' from Myanmar and ''R. marginata sundaica'' from Indonesia and the Malay Peninsula, were described in 194.〔van der Vecht, J. (1941). The Indo-Australian species of the genus Ropalidia (Icaria) (Hym., Vespidae), first part. Treubia Deel 18:103–190.
〕〔van der Vecht, J. (1962). The Indo-Australian species of the genus Ropalidia (Icaria) (Hymenoptera, Vespidae), second part. Zool. Verhandelingen 57, 1–71.
〕 ''R. marginata'' is an insect, having six legs. It is in the order Hymenoptera, containing wasps, ants and bees. It is in the family Vespidae, with wasps, yellow jackets, and hornets. It is in the subfamily Polistinae, containing eusocial wasps and it is in the tribe Ropalidiini. On the Indian subcontinent, there are 22 recognized species of the genus ''Ropalidia''. The species ''R. travancorica'', once thought separate, was determined synonymous with ''R. marginata'' after intensive specimen comparisons in 1989. ''R. marginata'' is most closely related to ''R. spatulata'' and ''R. brevita''. The male antenna and genitalia are similar between ''R. brevita'' and ''R. marginata.''〔Das, B. P. and Gupta, V. K. (1983). A catalogue of the families Stenogastridae and Vespidae from the Indian subregion (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea). Oriental Insects 17:395–464.〕
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